1957 – The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 2 carrying the first animal ever to enter orbit, a dog named Laika. It would go on to inspire the saddest Jonathan Coulton song ever, “Space Doggity” and the band Laika and the Cosmonauts.

http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik2.html

1973 – NASA launched Mariner 10 towards Mercury. It would become the first space probe to reach the planet.
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/history/70s/Mariner10_1973.htm

1992 – Tim Berners-Lee posted a page describing the World Wide Web. It’s the oldest page still served on the Web. http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#Examples
http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

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1815 – George Boole was born in Lincolnshire, England AND he became a mathematician who laid down the foundations for Boolean logic XOR Boolean Algebra. Search engine power users everywhere thank him.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/73612/George-Boole

1920 – KDKA in Pittsburgh started broadcasting as the first commercial radio station in the US. The first broadcast? Election results. Actual results, not projections.
http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2010/04/01/kdka-history/

1936 – BBC Television Service went on the air with the world’s first regular “high definition” service. Back then high definition meant 200 lines not 1080. The channel became BBC One in 1964.
http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/6adec60d71fe458b93ccee9b40d279dc

1988 – The Morris Worm began replicating across 6,000 computers causing slow systems and proving difficult to eradicate. 24-year-old Robert Tappan Morris Jr. at MIT had created the worm in order to see how many computers were hooked up to the Internet.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/in-1988-one-rogue-worm-shut-down-10-percent-of-the-internet

2015 – Hewlett-Packard split into two companies. HPE handled enterprise services and traded under the stock ticker HPE. HP Inc. kept the PC and printer business and the stock ticker HP.
http://www.ibtimes.com/hp-split-marks-historic-moment-75-year-old-silicon-valley-company-2164532

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1870 – The United States Weather Bureau (now known as the National Weather Service) made its first actual weather report. 24 observers sent reports by telegram to Washington DC.
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/pa/history/evolution.php

1963 – The largest radio telescope ever constructed, the Arecibo observatory opened in Arecibo Puerto Rico. It would be used for many major discoveries including the first direct imaging of an asteroid.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/nov1/worlds-largest-radio-telescope-opens/

1968 – The MPAA and 2 other industry organizations introduced the voluntary ratings system. G meant good for all ages, M meant mature audiences, R was restricted and X… well you know what X means. It would serve as a model for future voluntary systems like that used by the video game industry.

http://books.google.com/books?id=4WHgzaihSTgC&pg=PP104&lpg=PP104&dq=november+1+1968+voluntary+ratings+system&source=bl&ots=hulqwGH9et&sig=SxD_ymp776yKEiBtTnajoeSVsqE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bnU8VN3fH9DbsASl-IDQBw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=november%201%201968%20voluntary%20ratings%20system&f=false

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2000 – The Soyuz TM-31 launched, carrying Expedition 1 the first resident crew to the International Space Station, including Yuri Gidzenko, Sergei Krikalev and William Shepherd. The TM-31 was used as the crew’s lifeboat while on the station.
http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2000/iss00-43.html

2000 – Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) and Napster agreed to develop a service for swapping and sharing music. The service never materialized.

http://cnnfn.cnn.com/2000/10/31/bizbuzz/napster/

2007 – Nintendo of Japan finally ended support for the repair of FamiCom game consoles, the Japanese name for NES, citing a shortage of parts. End of an 8-bit era.

http://www.engadget.com/2007/10/18/nintendo-of-japan-calling-it-quits-on-famicom-hardware-support/

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1938 – Orson Welles pwned the US radio audience with his famous broadcast of War of the Worlds. It was correctly introduced as theater but those not paying attention were fooled into thinking the play was the real thing.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/welles-scares-nation

1987 – NEC started selling the first 16-bit home entertainment system, called the TurboGrafx-16 Entertainment SuperSystem or in Japan, the shorter catchier PC Engine. It was originally more popular in Japan than the FamiCom, which we North Americans call the NES.
http://www.giantbomb.com/turbografx-16/60-55/

2012 – Disney and George Lucas announced that Disney would acquire 100 percent of LucasFilm, including ILM, LucasArts and Skywalker Sound. The company also announced it intended to release Star Wars: Episode 7 in 2015.

http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2012/10/30/disney-star-wars-lucasfilm/1669739/

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1675 – Gottfreid Leibniz wrote the integral sign in an unpublished manuscript. It’s a sign that would later haunt the nightmares of students and be widely misapplied on blackboards in movies. So happy Integral Day!
http://books.google.com/books?id=bOIGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=leibniz+writes+integral&source=bl&ots=U_vboOt1rM&sig=ojXqmr8IEIWcrbOdC2UlM94fW5g&hl=en&ei=uyWbTr2dCdHbiALn_f3WBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=leibniz%20writes%20integral&f=false

1969 – The first ever computer to computer link was established on the ARPANET. UCLA student Charley Kline sent the characters l and o to Stanford. The connection crashed before he could finish sending ‘login’. The Internet has been crashy right from the start.

http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/birthplace-of-the-internet-celebrates-111333
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First-arpanet-imp-log.jpg

1988 – Sega launched the Mega Drive console in Japan. It would be released elsewhere in the world later as the ‘Genesis.’

http://www.usgamer.net/articles/the-true-16-bit-experience-segas-genesis-turns-25

1998 – The Space Shuttle Discovery blasted off on STS-95 with 77-year old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-95.html

2012 – Apple announced Scott Forstall would leave the company in one year, and that retail head John Browett had left the company as well.

http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/10/29Apple-Announces-Changes-to-Increase-Collaboration-Across-Hardware-Software-Services.html

2013 – Motorola announced its modular phone project called Project ARA. It would end up becoming Google’s project after Google sold Motorola.
http://www.engadget.com/2013/10/29/motorola-project-ara-modular-smartphone/

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1793 – Eli Whitney applied to patent his improved cotton gin, capable of cleaning 50 pounds of lint per day, and powering patent metaphors and arguments for centuries to come.

http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/todays-doc/index.html?dod-date=1028

1955 – A pair of proud Seattle parents welcomed their new son into the world, having no idea he would become one of the most loved and hated men of all time. Happy birthday William Henry Gates the third. You know him as Bill.

http://www.biography.com/people/bill-gates-9307520

1998 – President Bill Clinton signed into law the Digital Millenium Copyright Act, making it illegal for you to use computers the way they were designed to be used, if big companies didn’t want you to.

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/10/dmca-ten-years-unintended-consequences

2014 – The W3C published its recommendation of HTML5, the final version of the standard. It included the video and canvas tags among other improvements.
http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/

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1904 – The first underground New York City subway line opened. The line ran from City Hall in lower Manhattan through Grand Central, Times Square and ended north in Harlem. Rides cost five cents.
http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/The_New_York_Subway_Souvenir_(1904)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct27.html

1994 – HotWired launched bringing with it the first large quantity sales of banner ads. AT&T, Zima, MCI, Volvo, Club Med and 1-800-COLLECT all plunked down for the privilege.

http://adage.com/article/digitalnext/happy-birthday-digital-advertising/139964/

2005 – The European Space Agency launched its first satellite, a micro-satellite called the SSETI Express Satellite, designed and built by European students.
http://www.esa.int/esaMI/sseti_express/index.html

Read Tom’s science fiction and other fiction books at Merritt’s Books site.

1936 – The first electric generator went into full operation at Hoover Dam, about a month after President Roosevelt had dedicated the dam and tried to encourage people to call it the Boulder Dam.

https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/edn-moments/4399466/First-Hoover-Dam-electric-generator-goes-into-full-operation–October-26–1936

1992 – Software deployment issues in CAD, the new ambulance dispatch system in London, caused 30-45 deaths. Poor training, a memory leak and no load testing contributed to the failure.

http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/a.finkelstein/las/lascase0.9.pdf

2004 – Apple debuted the iPod photo, capable of displaying digital photographs and album art on a built-in color screen.
http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2004/10/26Apple-Introduces-iPod-Photo.html

2012 – Microsoft’s Windows 8 operating system went on sale, with its tile-based start screen.

http://news.microsoft.com/2012/10/25/windows-8-arrives/

2016 – Microsoft announced the Surface Studio, an all-in-one desktop PC with a touchscreen that could fold down almost flat on a desk. It worked with the new Surface Dial input device and sold for $2,999.

http://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2016/10/26/13380462/microsoft-surface-studio-pc-computer-announced-features-price-release-date

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1955 – Tappan introduced the first microwave oven for home use. It sold for $1,295. Raytheon developed the Radarrange after engineer Percy LeBaron Spencer was working on an active radar set and accidentally melted a candy bar in his pocket.

http://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/edn-moments/4399387/1st-domestic-microwave-is-sold–October-25–1955

1977 – VAX/VMS was born. At a shareholder meeting, DEC, the Digital Equipment Corporation, released VMS v1.0 the first version of what we later would call OpenVMS, along with the VAX 11/780 architecture which increased the PDP-11 address space.

http://h71000.www7.hp.com/openvms/30th/t_past_text.html

2001 – Microsoft Windows XP hit retail shelves for the first time.
http://edition.cnn.com/2001/TECH/ptech/10/25/xp.london.launch/

Read Tom’s science fiction and other fiction books at Merritt’s Books site.